Shaeed Bhagat Singh Letter

            Shaheed Bhagat Singh's Letter to Sister of Sh B K Dutt 

Stamped 17 July1930                                Central Jail
                                                                        Lahore
Dear Sister,
    Yesterday Battu himself wrote a letter informing you not to come here till you receive his letter. Battu was transferred yester night to some other jail. Upto this time we are quite in dark about his destination.Anyhow I would earnestly request you not to leave Banaras for Lahore. His separation is unbearable for me too.It is only today that I feel quite perplexed and every moment has become a burden. Really it is very hard to be separated with a friend more dear than my brothers. Any how we must bear all patiently . I will request you to keep courage. Do'nt  to stress. Something good will come out of it all.
                                                      Yours    Bhagat Singh
                                                               


This letter was written to Shmt Promila Devi sister of Sh Bhatukeswar Dutt  from Central Jail Lahore on his transfer from that jail. It is worth noting that the Lahore Consipiracy case was withdran against him to weaken the solidarity   of Bhagat Singh and B K Dutt . This showed the panic the two had created in the minds of British rulers, who always feared that they together can create a situation which could shake their consipiracy of disposing off the revolutionary key persons.

leteers from shivaji eraa

Bal(Child) Shivaji With His Friends 

Fakt Ladh Mhana

Early life of raja shivaji

Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of Shivneri, near the city of Junnar in Pune district around the year 1630. His exact date of birth has been a matter of dispute among historians, but theMaharashtra state government now recognises the 3rd day of the dark half of Phalguna, 1551 of Saka calendar (Friday, 19 February 1630) as the birthdate of Shivaji.^[2] Other suggested dates include 6 April 1627, or other dates near this day.^[3][4][5] Per legend, his mother named him Shivaji in honour of the goddess Shivai, to whom she had prayed for a healthy child.^[6]

Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhosale was the leader of a band of mercenaries that serviced the Deccan Sultanates.^[7] His mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhujirao Jadhav of Sindkhed. At the time of Shivaji's birth, the power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golconda. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his jagir (fiefdom) at Pune and his small army with him.^[7] Following a treaty between the Mughals and the Bijapur Sultanate, Shahaji was posted to a Bangalore-based jagir, while Jijabai and Shivaji remained in Pune.

THE GREAT MARATHA

Shivaji Raje Bhosle (Marathi: शिवाजीराजे भोसले,(February 19, 1630 – April 3, 1680), popularly known asChatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज, A Great king of medieval India, who laid the foundations of the Maratha Empire.

Shivaji was the son of Shahaji Bhosle and Jijabai. Shahaji was a Maratha general who rendered military services to the Deccan Sultanates of Ahmadnagar and Bijapur. Shivaji espoused the ideology of Hindavi Swarajya (self-rule of the natives), and succeeded in establishing control of a well-defended segment of the present state of Maharastra in western India, during his lifetime.

Shivaji's ideology of Hindavi Swarajya and subsequent expansion of the Maratha Empire, was partly responsible for re-establishment of Hindu rule and its re-emergent assertiveness throughout the mainland of present day India after being ruled and dominated by various Muslim dynasties for several centuries. The ideology of Hindavi Swarajya was in part the inspiration that propelled the succeeding generation of Marathas to establish independent kingdom in India prior to their eventual defeat by the British Empire. 

Shivaji established and set up a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of well regulated and disciplined military and well structured administrative organizations. The prevalent practices of treating women as war booty, destruction of religious monuments, slavery and forceful religious conversions were firmly opposed under his administration. Shivaji was a religious Hindu, but showed respect toward other religions.

Shivaji innovated rules of military engagement of that era. He pioneered "Shiva sutra"(Ganimi Kava) (in Marathi), or guerrilla tactics, which leveraged strategic factors like demographics, speed, surprise and focused attack to defeat his bigger and more powerful enemies.