Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of Shivneri, near the city of Junnar in Pune district around the year 1630. His exact date of birth has been a matter of dispute among historians, but theMaharashtra state government now recognises the 3rd day of the dark half of Phalguna, 1551 of Saka calendar (Friday, 19 February 1630) as the birthdate of Shivaji.[2] Other suggested dates include 6 April 1627, or other dates near this day.[3][4][5] Per legend, his mother named him Shivaji in honour of the goddess Shivai, to whom she had prayed for a healthy child.[6]
Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhosale was the leader of a band of mercenaries that serviced the Deccan Sultanates.[7] His mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhujirao Jadhav of Sindkhed. At the time of Shivaji's birth, the power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golconda. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his jagir (fiefdom) at Pune and his small army with him.[7] Following a treaty between the Mughals and the Bijapur Sultanate, Shahaji was posted to a Bangalore-based jagir, while Jijabai and Shivaji remained in Pune.
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